Astragalus polysaccharides affects multidrug resistance gene 1 and P-glycoprotein 170 in adriamycin nephropathy rats via regulating microRNA-16/NF-κB axis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Nephrotic syndrome is a common disease of the urinary system. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and P-glycoprotein 170 (P-gp170) in adriamycin nephropathy rats and the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 male Wistar rats were divided into a control group, a model group, an APS low-dose group, an APS high-dose group, an APS+micro RNA (miR)-16 antagomir group and an APS+miR-16 antagomir control group, with 12 rats in each group. Urine protein (UP) was detected by urine analyzer, and serum cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (SCr) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer; serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were detected by ELISA kit; the morphological changes of kidney tissues were observed by HE staining; the levels of miR-16 and MDR1 mRNA in kidney tissues were detected by real-time RT-PCR; the expression levels of NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, and P-gp170 protein in kidney tissues were detected by Western blotting; and dual luciferase was used to verify the relationship between miR-16 and NF-κB.@*RESULTS@#The renal tissue structure of rats in the control group was normal without inflammatory cell infiltration. The renal glomeruli of rats in the model group were mildly congested, capillary stenosis or occlusion, and inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious. The rats in the low-dose and high-dose APS groups had no obvious glomerular congestion, the proliferation of mesangial cells was significantly reduced, and the inflammatory cells were reduced. Compared with the high-dose APS group and the APS+miR-16 antagomir control group, there were more severe renal tissue structure damages in the APS + miR-16 antagomir group. Compared with the control group, the levels of UP, CHOL, BUN, SCr, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDR1 mRNA, and the protein levels of p-NF-κB p65 and P-gp170 in the model group were significantly increased (all P<0.05); the levels of ALB and miR-16 were significantly decreased (both P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of UP, CHOL, BUN, SCr, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDR1 mRNA, and the protein levels of pNF-κB p65 and P-gp170 in the low-dose and high-dose APS groups were significant decreased (all P<0.05); and the levels of ALB and miR-16 were significantly increased (both P<0.05). Compared with APS+miR-16 antagomir control group, the UP, CHOL, BUN, SCr, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, MDR1 mRNA, and the protein levels of p-NF-κB p65 and P-gp170 were significantly increased (all P<0.05). The levels of ALB and miR-16 were significantly decreased in the APS+miR-16 antagomir group compared with the APS+miR-16 antagomir control group (both P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#APS can regulate the miR-16/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby affecting the levels of MDR1 and P-gp170, and reducing the inflammation in the kidney tissues in the adriamycin nephropathy rats.

Analysis of Oral Medication of Respiratory Diseases in Pediatrics Outpatient Department of Our Hospital during 2015-2016 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of oral drugs in pediatrics department.METHODS:The prescriptions of oral medication for 1 070 children with respiratory diseases selected from pediatrics outpatient department of our hospital during Jan.2015-Dec.2016 were analyzed retrospectively in terms of drug category,use frequency,the rationality of drug use and prescription standardization,etc.RESULTS:Among 1 070 children,0-1 and 2-5 years of age accounted for 26.45％ and 37.76％,taking up the highest proportion.Among main types of disease,mnsillitis and bronchitis accounted for 48.60％ and 15.42％,taking up the highest proportion.The frequencies of antibiotics,Chinese patent medicines (medicines for the treatment of cough and asthma) and adjuvant drugs were in high level,being 51.78％,27.85％,28.79％.Among antibiotics,the frequencies of penicillins+β-lactamase inhibitor and second-generation cephalosporins were in high level,being 43.74％,40.84％.The rate of rational drug use was 92.51％,and that of irrational drug use was 7.85％.Irrational drug use manifested as excessive number of drugs (2.34％),excessive large dose (2.06％),irrational dosage form (2.24％) and irrational antibiotics use (5.05％).The rate of standard prescription was 91.31％,and the rate of nonstandard prescription was 8.69％.Nomtandard prescription manifested as nonstandard prescription writing.CONCLUSIONS:In the statistical period,common oral drugs for the children with respiratory systemn disease in the pediatrics outpatient department of our hospital are antibiotics,Chinese patent medicines (medicines for the treatment of cough and asthma) and adjuvant drags.The rationality of drug use and prescription standardization are generally good;but there are still some irrationality in the number of drugs,dosage form,dose and the use of antibiotics;prescription writing problems still exist.

Mobilization of autologous bone marrow stem cells is involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation following renal ischemia-reperfusion injuries / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow stem cells are defined by their multi-potential ability, and can be differentiated into intrinsic cells in the kidney. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of mobilizing autologous bone marrow stem cells by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus stem cellfactor on cellapoptosis and proliferation of rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:Total y 160 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group, model group, cytokine treatment group, cytokine control group. Rat models of unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury were established in the model and cytokine treatment groups. Rats in the cytokine treatment group and cytokine control group received subcutaneous injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (50μg/kg) and stem cellfactor (200μg/kg), once a day, for 5 continuous days. Rats in the model and control groups had no treatment. Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method, and the expression of CD34-positive cells, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, proliferating cellnuclear antigen in the kidney were measured using immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of CD34-positive cells in renal tissue of the cytokine treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group and model group (P<0.05). The apoptotic index and expression of Capase-3 in the model group and cytokine treatment group were higher than those in the control group and cytokine control group (P<0.05). The apoptotic index and expression of Capase-3 in the cytokine treatment group were lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 in the model group and cytokine treatment group was higher than that in the control group and cytokine control group (P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 in the cytokine treatment group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05);however, as time went on, Bcl-2 expression was obviously decreased. Proliferating cellnuclear antigen expressed both in the model group and in the cytokine treatment group. Additional y, the proliferative index reached peak at 24 days in the model group, and then decreased gradual y;while in the cytokine treatment group, it reached the peak at 10 days, maintained a high level until the 17th day, and then decreased gradual y. Mobilization of autologous bone marrow stem cells by combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cellfactor can increase proliferation and decrease apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and thus, promote the recovery from renal tubular injury.